Contribution of integrated water resources management towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Published by Asociación de Economistas Agrarios de Chilewater and the millennium development goals, Millennium Development Goals, integrated water resources management, water resources and development., Environmental Economics and Policy, Political Economy, Public Economics,

The Effect of Foot and Mouth Disease on Trade and Prices in International Beef Markets

The paper develops and uses a two step quantitative model to analyze the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) on international beef markets over time. Using monthly data from 1990-2002 for 7 major beef exporters and for 22 major beef importers, we use a probit equation to estimate the probability that country i exports to country j, taking account of foot and mouth status of exporter, sanitary policy of importer, beef quality, trade preferences, distance, and other factors affecting whether beef trade occurs. We then use OLS to estimate the export prices that are obtained for beef, taking account of beef quality, country per capita, trading preferences, region, per capita income, and a time trend, including terms to adjust for censorship in the first stage. Using the estimated equations, we compare the predicted change in trading partners and in the prices received by the two exporters in our sample that are not FMD free, Brazil and Uruguay, under the assumption that their status switches from having FMD to being FMD free. The model performs well. The results suggest that FMD continues to impede trade between many countries and does accordingly reduce the price received for beef from countries with FMD. Nonetheless, the "sanction" from FMD appears smaller than previously believed.International Relations/Trade,

TURFs and ITQs: Collective vs. Individual Decision Making

While most of the attention in the scientific and policy literature on rights-based institutions has been devoted to Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs), there are alternatives that involve different configurations of use rights. One such alternative is a space-based option commonly referred to as Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs). TURFs have been utilized in island fisheries off Southeast Asia for decades, and they have been well studied, particularly by anthropologists and sociologists. This paper discusses case studies of TURF organizations in Japan and Chile from an economics perspective. We discuss the historical origins of each system, outline the legal and institutional structures of the systems, and then discuss how each system manages nearshore coastal resources. We discuss similarities and differences across the many specific collective management structures adopted by Japanese and Chilean TURF organizations. We then discuss how outcomes differ from what might emerge under ITQs.Collective management, resource management, rights-based fishery management, TURFs, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Q22,

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Contribution of integrated water resources management towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

This paper analyzes the contribution of water resources to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and describes the conceptual foundations and specific components of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) process so as to illustrate how IWRM is a pre-requisite to achieve the MDGs, and identify the key actions that are required to implement IWRM Plan

The Effect of Foot and Mouth Disease on Trade and Prices in International Beef Markets

The paper develops and uses a two step quantitative model to analyze the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) on international beef markets over time. Using monthly data from 1990-2002 for 7 major beef exporters and for 22 major beef importers, we use a probit equation to estimate the probability that country i exports to country j, taking account of foot and mouth status of exporter, sanitary policy of importer, beef quality, trade preferences, distance, and other factors affecting whether beef trade occurs. We then use OLS to estimate the export prices that are obtained for beef, taking account of beef quality, country per capita, trading preferences, region, per capita income, and a time trend, including terms to adjust for censorship in the first stage. Using the estimated equations, we compare the predicted change in trading partners and in the prices received by the two exporters in our sample that are not FMD free, Brazil and Uruguay, under the assumption that their status switches from having FMD to being FMD free. The model performs well. The results suggest that FMD continues to impede trade between many countries and does accordingly reduce the price received for beef from countries with FMD. Nonetheless, the "sanction" from FMD appears smaller than previously believed

Farmland values and agricultural growth: the case of Chile

This study analyzes the relationships between farmland values and factors associated with the growth in Chilean agriculture, and identifies agricultural land value's determinants by estimating a log-linear hedonic price function. The results indicate that a parcel's market value varies according to its suitability and productivity for different crops, its location and transport costs, its potential for residential use, and other factors that determine expectations of future income streams. Farms with soil aptitude for fruits, high-valued export-oriented crops that have led Chile's agricultural boom, have higher values than those with forestry soil aptitude

Determinantes del precio de la tierra agrícola en Chile en el período 1978-1998 para la zona geográfica ubicada entre las regiones de Coquimbo y Los Lagos inclusive.

Donoso, G.,R. Olguín,J. Cancino, y D. Schönhaut. 2011. Determinants of the price of agricultural land in Chile in the period 1978-1998 for the area between Coquimbo and Los Lagos Region.This paper estimates a hedonic price model in order to identify the key determinants that explain agricultural land value during the period 1978 to 1998. Results show that: (1) the price of agricultural land is positively affected by; the existence of constructions on the property, the percentage of tech irrigation systems and fruit orchards on the farm, (2) the distance between the farm and urban centers adversely affects the value of agricultural land, (3) the increase in farmland values during the period can be explained in part by the profitability of agriculture, improvements in road infrastructure and the higher level of transportation technology that has been achieved over time, (4) The profitability of agriculture has a positive effect on farmland values, (5) inflation was not significant. Finally, the results of this study are consistent with the results reported in the literature for Chile and other countries

ARE Update Volume 9, Number 4

Immigration Reform: Implications for Agriculture.Democracy and Environmental Quality.Are International Beef Prices Converging and, if so, Why